Te Whakamahana i te Whakakāpūngao mō ngā Taputapu: Te Whakapai Ake i te Kaha, te Pakeke me te Mahi

I roto i ngā pūnaha tuku hiko hou, e tika ana kia mahi ngā taputapu i raro i ngā āhuatanga tino kino, arā, te taipana teitei, te hurihuri tonu, ngā kawenga taumaha, ngā tere hurihuri, me ngā huringa mahi roa. Ahakoa he pai te pakeke o roto o ngā maitai koranu tuku iho, kāore e taea te tu atu ki ēnei tono uaua me te kore he pakaru o te mata, he pakaru niho, he karawarawa, he kakahu, me ngā pakaru ngenge. Hei whakakore i ēnei wero, ka noho te maimoatanga wera hei taahiraa nui i roto i te hanga taputapu, ā, i roto i ngā tikanga katoa,te whakakāpūngaoe tū ana ko tētahi o ngā tukanga whakapakeke mata tino whai hua.

Ko te whakakāpū (e kiia ana ko te whakapakeketanga o te pouaka) he tikanga whakarewa e whakauru ana i te waro ki roto i te paparanga mata o ngā taputapu maitai i te pāmahana teitei. I muri i te tinei, ka huri te mata hei pouaka martensitic mārō, engari ka mau tonu te pakari me te ātete ki te ru o te matua. Ko tēnei huinga he mārō ki waho, he mārō ki roto. Koia te take e whakamahia whānuitia ai ngā taputapu whakakākahu i roto i ngā tuku miihini, ngā pouaka miihini ahumahi, ngā mīhini taumaha, ngā taputapu keri, ngā taraiwa rererangi, me ngā mahi karetao.

He aha te Whakakāpūngao?

Ko te whakakāpuru he maimoatanga wera e ahu mai ana i te horapa e mahia ana i ngā pāmahana i waenga i te 880°C me te 950°C. I roto i te tukanga, ka whakamahanahia ngā taputapu i roto i te hau whai waro. Ka horapa ngā ngota waro ki roto i te paparanga mata o te maitai, ka whakanui ake i te nui o te waro. I muri i te rumakina mō te wā e hiahiatia ana, ka tineia tere ngā taputapu hei hanga i tētahi anga martensitic whakapakeke.

Ko te hohonutanga o te urunga waro ka kiia ko te hohonutanga o te pouaka, ā, ka taea te whakahaere mā te whakarerekē i te pāmahana, te wā pupuri, me te pūmanawa waro. I te nuinga o te wā, ko te hohonutanga o te pouaka ūnga kei waenga i te 0.8 mm ki te 2.5 mm, i runga i te whakamahinga, te rahi o te taputapu, me te kaha kawenga e hiahiatia ana.

He aha i hiahia ai ngā taputapu ki te whakakāpora?

Ehara i te mea ko te whakanui ake i te pakeke anake te mahi whakapūkara; engari he whakapai ake i te mahi i roto i ngā āhuatanga mahi tūturu. Ko ngā painga matua ko:

1. Te Ātete Nui ki te Wero
   Ka ārai te mata mārō i te kakahu taratara, te pakaru, te moroiti-kirikiri, me te kino o te mata i te ngenge.

2. Te Kaha Kawe Utaina Teitei Ake
   Ka taea e ngā taputapu warowaihā te kawe i ngā kawenga taumaha me te tuku i te taipana teitei ake me te kore e whakarerekē te āhua.

3. Te Kaha Piko o te Niho kua Whakapaitia
   Ka mimiti te ngākau ngawari i te ru me te pānga, ka whakaiti i te mōrearea o te whati niho.

4. Te Ora Ngenge Pai Rawa
   Ka taea e ngā taputapu warowaihā te mahi mō ngā tekau mano hāora i raro i ngā āhuatanga huringa teitei.

5. Te Whakaiti i te Waku me te Whakaputa Wera
   Mā te maeneene o te hononga o ngā niho ka mārie ake, ka penapena hoki i te kaha o te tukunga o te pūngao.

Nā ēnei painga, kua noho te whakakāpūhau hei tikanga whakamahana paerewa mōwakangā taputapu, inā koa mōngā taputapu piko, ngā taputapu porowhita, ngā taputapu mowhiti, ngā taputapu rerekētanga, me ngā toki tuku.

Te Tukanga Whakapūkara Hipanga i te Hipanga

He maha ngā wāhanga o te tukanga whakapūkara katoa, ā, ka pā ia wāhanga ki te mahi whakamutunga:

1. Te Whakamahana-Mua me te Whakapūmautanga

Ka whakamahanahia ngā taputapu ki te pāmahana whakapūkara, ka huri te maitai hei austenite. Mā tēnei hanganga ka taea e te waro te horapa ngāwari.

2. Te Horapa o te Waro me te Hanganga o te Pūtake

Ka puritia ngā taputapu i roto i tētahi taiao whai waro (hau, korehau, matū whakakākahu totoka rānei). Ka horapa ngā ngota waro ki roto, ka hanga he anga mārō i muri i te tineia.

3. Te tinei

Mā te whakamatao tere ka huri te paparanga mata waro-nui hei martensite—he tino mārō, he ātete hoki ki te kakahu.

4. Te whakamahana

I muri i te tineia, me whakamahana hei whakaiti i te pakarukaru, hei whakapai ake i te pakari, hei whakau hoki i te hanganga moroiti.

5. Mīhini Whakamutunga / Huri

He maha ngā wā ka hurihia, ka whakapiripiritia rānei ngā taputapu kua whakamahanatia kia tika ai te āhua o ngā niho, kia maeneene ai te tauira pa, me te whakahaere pai rawa atu i te haruru.

Ngā momo whakakākahu mō ngā taputapu

He maha ngā hangarau whakapūkara kua whakawhanakehia, ā, he rerekē ngā painga o ia hangarau.

I roto i a rātou,te whakakākahu korehaukei te piki haere te hiahia mō ngā taputapu tika nā te mea he ōrite te tohatoha o te pouaka, he pai ki te taiao, he iti hoki te hē o te hurihanga.

Kōwhiringa Rauemi mō te Whakapūkara

Ehara i te mea he pai ngā maitai katoa mō te whakakāpū. Ko ngā rauemi pai ko ngā maitai koranu waro-iti, he pai te whakapakeke me te pakari o te matua.

Ngā maitai whakapūkara noa:

• 16MnCr5

• 20CrMnTi

• 8620 / 4320 Rino

• 18CrNiMo7-6

• SCM415 / SCM420

Mā ēnei maitai ka taea te whakapakeke hōhonu i te anga, me te pupuri tonu i te matua kaha, ngāwari—he tino pai mō ngā taputapu taumaha.

Ngā Take Kounga i roto i ngā Taputapu Warburized

Hei whakatutuki i te mahi pumau, me whakahaere ētahi āhuatanga nui:

1. Te kukū waro mata

2. Te hōhonutanga o ngā take whai hua (ECD)

3. Taumata austenite e puritia ana

4. Te whakapōturi me te pumau o te āhua

5. Te ōritetanga o te mārō (58–62 HRC i runga i te mata)

Mā te tukanga whakakāhaora e whakahaeretia pai ana ka taea te mahi pono o ngā taputapu mō ngā tau maha me te iti o te tiaki.

Ngā Whakamahinga o ngā Taputapu Whakapūkara

He whānuitia te whakamahinga o te whakakāpū i roto i ngā ahumahi e hiahiatia ana te pono, te tika, me te manawanui ki te kawenga teitei:

• Ngā pouaka miihini me ngā pūnaha rerekētanga motuka

• Tarakihana, maina me ngā taputapu taumaha

• Ngā taputapu karetao me te aunoatanga

• Ngā pouaka miihini hau

• Ngā puku rererangi me ngā tuku tāpine

• Ngā pūnaha whakatere moana

Ahakoa me tu atu ngā taputapu i te ru, te pēhanga me te ahotea hurihuri mō te wā roa, ko te whakamahi warowaihā te otinga tino pono.

Mā te whakamahana i te waro ka huri ngā taputapu maitai noa hei wāhanga mahi-teitei e taea ai te tu atu ki ngā taiao uaua. Ka whakapakari te tukanga i te mata mai i te pakaru me te ngenge, me te pupuri i te matua o roto kia pakari hei ātete ki te pānga. I te whanaketanga o ngā mīhini ki te kaha ake o te kaha me te whai hua, ka noho tonu ngā taputapu waro hei hangarau matua i roto i te hangarau hou me ngā pūnaha tuku hiko.