He wāhanga tuku hiko te taputapu. Mā ngā taputapu e whakatau te taipana, te tere, me te ahunga hurihuri o ngā wāhanga mīhini katoa e taraiwahia ana. I te nuinga o te wā, ka taea te wehewehe i ngā momo taputapu ki ngā wāhanga matua e rima. Ko te taputapu porotaka, te taputapu piko, te taputapu porowhita, te taputapu whatanga me te taputapu kutukutu. He maha ngā āhuatanga uaua o ngā momo taputapu rerekē. Inaa, ehara i te mea ngāwari te whiriwhiri i te momo taputapu. He maha ngā whakaaro e pā ana ki tēnei. Ko ngā āhuatanga e pā ana ki tēnei ko te wāhi ā-tinana me te whakaritenga o te pou, te ōwehenga taputapu, te kawenga, te tika me te taumata kounga, me ētahi atu.
Momo taputapu
Ngā momo taputapu e whakamahia ana i roto i te tuku hiko miihini
E ai ki te whakamahinga ahumahi, he maha ngā taputapu e hangaia ana me ngā rauemi rerekē me ngā whakaritenga mahi rerekē. He maha ngā kaha, ngā rahi me ngā ōwehenga tere o ēnei taputapu, engari ko tā rātou mahi matua he huri i te whakaurunga o te neke matua ki tētahi putanga me te taipana teitei me te RPM iti. Mai i te ahuwhenua ki te rererangi, mai i te keri ki te hanga pepa me te umanga penupenu, ka taea te whakamahi i ēnei raupapa taputapu i roto i te nuinga o ngā ahumahi.
Ko ngā taputapu porotaka he taputapu whakakoi me ngā niho porowhita, e whakamahia ana hei tuku mana me te nekehanga i waenga i ngā pou whakarara. He whānuitia te whakamahinga o ēnei taputapu mō te whakanui tere, te whakaiti rānei i te tere, te taipana teitei me te whakatau i te pūnaha tūnga. Ka taea te whakairi i ēnei taputapu ki ngā pokapū, ki ngā pou rānei. He rerekē ngā rahi, ngā hoahoa, ngā āhua o ngā taputapu, ā, he maha hoki ngā āhuatanga me ngā mahi hei whakatutuki i ngā whakaritenga ahumahi rerekē.
Ngā rauemi i whakamahia
He mea hanga ngā taputapu porotaka ki ngā rauemi kounga teitei, pēnei i:
Ngā konganuku - te maitai, te rino maka, te parahi, te parahi me te maitai kore waikura.
Kirihou - Acetal, nairona me te polycarbonate.
Me whai whakaaro ki ētahi āhuatanga i te whakamahinga o ngā rauemi e whakamahia ana hei hanga i ēnei taputapu, tae atu ki te roa o te wā hoahoa, ngā whakaritenga tuku hiko, me te haruru e puta mai ana.
Ngā whakaritenga nui hei whakaaroaro
Pokapū taputapu
pūaha
Te whānui o te kakau
Te whakamahinga o ngā taputapu porotakaroa
He whānuitia te whakamahinga o ēnei taputapu i roto i ngā mara maha, tae atu ki
motuka
kakahu
hangarau ahumahi
Ko te taputapu piko he taputapu miihini e whakamahia ana hei tuku i te mana miihini me te nekehanga. He whānuitia te whakamahinga o ēnei taputapu hei tuku i te mana me te nekehanga i waenga i ngā pou kore-whakarara, ā, kua hangaia hei tuku i te nekehanga i waenga i ngā pou e whakawhiti ana, i te nuinga o te wā i ngā koki tika. Ka taea e ngā niho o ngā taputapu piko te tika, te porowhita, te hypoid rānei. He pai ngā taputapu piko ina hiahiatia kia whakarerekētia te ahunga hurihuri o te pou.
Ngā rauemi i whakamahia
Me whai whakaaro ki ētahi āhuatanga i te whakamahinga o ngā rauemi e whakamahia ana hei hanga i ēnei taputapu, tae atu ki te roa o te hoahoa, ngā whakaritenga tuku hiko, me te whakaputa haruru. Ko ētahi o ngā rauemi nui e whakamahia ana ko:
Ngā konganuku - te maitai, te rino maka me te maitai kore waikura.
Kirihou – Acetal me te polycarbonate.
Ngā whakaritenga nui hei whakaaroaro
Pokapū taputapu
pūaha
Te whānui o te kakau
Te whakamahinga o ngā taputapu bevel
He whānuitia te whakamahinga o ēnei taputapu i roto i ngā mara maha, tae atu ki:
Ahumahi motuka
umanga kakahu
Ngā hua hangarau ahumahi
He momo taputapu rongonui te taputapu porowhita. Ka tapahia ōna niho i tētahi koki, kia maeneene ake ai te hononga i waenga i ngā taputapu. He whakapainga ake te taputapu porowhita i te taputapu porotaka. He mea hanga motuhake ngā niho o ngā taputapu porowhita kia anga atu ki ngā taputapu. Ina honoa ngā niho e rua o te pūnaha taputapu, ka tīmata te pa ki tētahi pito o ngā niho, ā, ka whānui haere me te hurihanga o te taputapu kia tino honoa rawatia ngā niho e rua. He rerekē ngā rahi, ngā āhua me ngā hoahoa o ngā taputapu kia tutuki ai ngā whakaritenga a te kiritaki.
Ngā rauemi i whakamahia
Ka taea te hanga i ēnei taputapu mai i ngā rauemi kounga teitei, tae atu ki te kowiri tira, te maitai, te rino maka, te parahi, me ētahi atu, i runga i te whakamahinga.
Te whakamahinga o ngā taputapu porowhita
Ka whakamahia ēnei taputapu ki ngā wāhi e hira ana te tere teitei, te tuku mana teitei, te ārai haruru rānei.
motuka
kakahu
rere ātea
Kaikawe
Whatanga
Whatanga taputapu
Ko te whatanga te tikanga e whakamahia ana hei huri i te nekehanga hurihuri ki te nekehanga rārangi. He pae papatahi tēnei e tū ai ngā niho o te pinion ki runga. He taputapu kei te mutunga kore te kakau. He mea hanga ēnei taputapu mō ngā momo mahi.
Ngā rauemi i whakamahia
I runga i te whakamahinga, he maha ngā momo rauemi e whakamahia ana. Ko ētahi o ngā rauemi e whakamahia whānuitia ana ko:
Kirihou
parahi
maitai
rino maka
Mā ēnei taputapu ka mārie ake, ka maeneene ake hoki te mahi. He iti ake te pānga o te pūnaha, ā, he pai ake te āhua o te urungi.
Te whakamahinga o te whata
He maha ngā wā ka whakamahia ngā taputapu i roto i te pūnaha urungi o ngā motuka. Ko ētahi atu whakamahinga nui o te whatanga ko:
Ngā taputapu hanga whare
Ngā taputapu mīhini
Kaikawe
Te whakahaere rauemi
Whāngai roera
Taputapu noke
Ko te taputapu noke he taputapu e hono ana ki te noke hei whakaiti i te tere, hei tuku rānei i te taipana kia nui ake. Ka taea e te taputapu te whakatutuki i te ōwehenga tuku teitei ake i ngā taputapu porotaka o te rahi rite tonu.
Ngā rauemi i whakamahia
Ka taea te hanga i ngā taputapu noke mai i ngā momo rauemi, i runga i te whakamahinga whakamutunga. Ko ētahi o ngā rauemi e whakamahia whānuitia ana ko:
parahi
kowiri tira
rino maka
konumohe
maitai matao
Ka taea e ngā taputapu noke te mahi i raro i ngā āhuatanga uaua, ā, ka taea hoki te whakatutuki i te whakahekenga tere nui. Ka taea hoki e ngā taputapu noke te tuku kawenga teitei i ngā ōwehenga tere teitei.
Momo taputapu noke
Te waha o te korokoro
Korokoro kotahi
Diphtheria
Te whakamahi i ngā taputapu noke
He pai ēnei taputapu mō:
Mōta
Ngā wāhanga waka
Pūwero
Ko ngā pīrere he taputapu he niho whakarewa e hono ana ki te mekameka. E kiia ana hoki ko te wira porowhita, he mowhiti taputapu iti ka taea te tāuta ki te wira o muri. He wira angiangi e hono ana ōna niho ki te mekameka.
Ngā rauemi i whakamahia
He maha ngā momo rauemi ka taea te whakamahi hei hanga i ngā wira mekameka kounga teitei mō ngā momo ahumahi. Ko ētahi o ngā rauemi e whakamahia ana ko:
kowiri tira
maitai matao
rino maka
parahi
Te whakamahinga o te mekameka wira
Ka taea te whakamahi i tēnei taputapu māmā i roto i ngā mara maha, tae atu ki:
umanga kai
Pahikara
motopaika
motuka
Tāke
Ngā mīhini ahumahi
Ngā pūwhakaata kiriata me ngā kāmera
Taputapu rāngai
Taputapu rāngai
Ko te taputapu rāngai he huinga taputapu. He maha ngā wāhanga o ēnei taputapu, arā, he wāhanga iti o te porowhita. Ka honoa te taputapu rāngai ki te ringa, ki te tō rānei o te wira wai. He wāhanga kei te taputapu rāngai e whiwhi ana, e kawe ana rānei i te nekehanga tauutuutu mai i te taputapu. Kei roto hoki i ēnei taputapu he mowhiti, he taputapu rānei he āhua rāngai. He taputapu anō hoki kei te taha. He maha ngā maimoatanga mata o te taputapu rāngai, pērā i te kore maimoatanga, te maimoatanga wera rānei, ā, ka taea te hoahoa hei wāhanga kotahi, hei te pūnaha taputapu katoa rānei.
tono
E whakamahia ana ngā taputapu ā-rohe mō ngā mahi ahumahi maha. He maha ngā painga o ēnei taputapu, pērā i te ngāwari ake, te āhua mata pai rawa atu, te tika teitei me te iti o te kakahu. Ko ētahi o ngā whakamahinga o ngā taputapu ā-rohe ko:
parepare
rapa
Rerewe
Taputapu aorangi
taputapu aorangi
Ko ngā taputapu aorangi he taputapu o waho e hurihuri ana i te taha o te taputapu pokapū. Ka taea e ngā taputapu aorangi te whakaputa i ngā ōwehenga taputapu rerekē, i runga i te taputapu e whakamahia ana hei tāuru me te taputapu e whakamahia ana hei putanga.
Ngā rauemi i whakamahia
Ka taea te hanga i ngā taputapu mai i ngā momo rauemi, tae atu ki:
kowiri tira
maitai matao
rino maka
konumohe
He pai ēnei taputapu mō te whakaheke tere i ngā motuka tere-tiketike mō ngā tono taipana-tiketike me te tere-iti. E whakamahia ana ēnei taputapu mō ngā taputapu tino tika nā te mea he pono, he tika hoki.
Te whakamahinga o ngā taputapu aorangi
Ko ēnei taputapu te mea e whakamahia whānuitia ana, ā, he maha ngā whakamahinga, tae atu ki:
Ahumahi huka
Ahumahi hiko
Pūkaha hiko hau
Ahumahi moana
Ahumahi ahuwhenua
Taputapu ā-roto
Taputapu ā-roto
He taputapu tuwhera te taputapu ā-roto, he niho kei tōna mata o roto. Ka puta ngā niho o tēnei taputapu ki roto i te awhi, kaua ki waho.
Ngā rauemi i whakamahia
I runga anō i te whakamahinga whakamutunga, he maha ngā rauemi ka taea te whakamahi hei hanga taputapu ā-roto. Ko ētahi o ngā rauemi e whakamahia whānuitia ana ko:
Kirihou
konumohe koranu
rino maka
kowiri tira
Ka taea e ngā niho o aua taputapu te tika, te porowhita rānei. He piko te taputapu o roto, ā, he matotoru ake te raro o te niho i te taputapu o waho. Mā te āhua piko me te turanga totoka ka kaha ake ngā niho, ka whakaiti hoki i te haruru.
Ngā painga o ngā taputapu ā-roto
He mea hanga motuhake ngā taputapu kia rite ki ngā momo taputapu.
He iti te utu o ēnei taputapu, ā, he tino pai mō ngā momo mahi mama.
Mā te hoahoa me te kore niho here e whakarite kia maeneene, kia marino hoki te mahi.
Te whakamahinga o ngā taputapu o roto
Ngā tono māmā
Rōra
Ngā Rārangi
Taputapu o waho
Taputapu o waho
Hei tētahi o ngā waeine taputapu māmā rawa, ā, e whakamahia whānuitia ana, e whakamahia whānuitia ana ngā taputapu o waho i roto i ngā papu taputapu me ētahi atu hua ahumahi hei whakarite i te mahi maeneene. He niho tika ēnei taputapu e whakarara ana ki te tuaka. Ka tukuna e ngā niho te nekehanga hurihuri i waenga i ngā tuaka whakarara.
Ngā rauemi i whakamahia
Ka taea te hanga i ngā taputapu mai i ngā momo rauemi, tae atu ki:
kowiri tira
maitai matao
rino maka
konumohe
Ko te momo rauemi e whakamahia ana hei hanga i ēnei taputapu ka whakawhirinaki ki te whakamahinga whakamutunga.
Te whakamahinga o ngā taputapu o waho
Ka whakamahia ēnei taputapu i roto i ngā momo mara, tae atu ki:
Ahumahi waro
keri maina
Te Whare Hanga Rino me te Maitai
Ahumahi pepa me te penupenu
Wā tuku: Hakihea-02-2022