Te tukanga miihini taputapu, ngā tawhā tapahi me ngā whakaritenga taputapu mēnā he uaua rawa te huri i te taputapu, ā, me whakapai ake te whai huatanga o te miihini.

Ko te taputapu te huānga matua o te tuku i roto i te umanga motuka. I te nuinga o te wā, he 18~30 ngā niho o ia motuka. Ka pā tika te kounga o te taputapu ki te haruru, te pumau me te roa o te mahi a te motuka. He pūnaha taputapu mīhini uaua te taputapu tukatuka taputapu, ā, he taputapu matua i roto i te umanga motuka. Ko ngā mana hanga motuka o te ao pērā i te Hononga o Amerika, Tiamana me Hapani he mana hanga taputapu mīhini tukatuka taputapu anō hoki. E ai ki ngā tatauranga, neke atu i te 80% o ngā taputapu motuka i Haina ka tukatukahia e ngā taputapu hanga taputapu ā-rohe. I taua wā anō, neke atu i te 60% o ngā taputapu mīhini tukatuka taputapu e pau ana i te umanga motuka, ā, ko te umanga motuka tonu te tinana matua o te kai taputapu mīhini.

Hangarau tukatuka taputapu

1. te whakarewa me te hanga pātea

He tukanga whakarewanga pātea tonu te hanga i te whakarewa wera mō ngā wāhanga taputapu motuka. I ngā tau tata nei, kua whakatairangahia whānuitia te hangarau hurihuri porowhita whakawhiti i roto i te miihini rakau. He tino pai tēnei hangarau mō te hanga pereki mō ngā rakau kuaha uaua. Ehara i te mea he tino tika, he iti te whakaaetanga miihini whai muri, engari he tino pai hoki te whakaputa.

2. te whakataurite

Ko te whāinga o tēnei tukanga he whiwhi i te pakeke e tika ana mō te tapahi taputapu e whai ake nei, me te whakarite i te hanganga moroiti mō te maimoatanga wera whakamutunga, kia pai ai te whakaiti i te rerekētanga o te maimoatanga wera. Ko te rauemi o te maitai taputapu e whakamahia ana ko te 20CrMnTi. Nā te nui o te awe o ngā kaimahi, ngā taputapu me te taiao, he uaua ki te whakahaere i te tere whakamatao me te ōritetanga o te whakamatao o te mea mahi, ka hua ake he nui te marara o te pakeke me te hanganga whakarewa koretake, e pā tika ana ki te tapahi whakarewa me te maimoatanga wera whakamutunga, ka hua ake he nui, he koretake te rerekētanga o te wera me te kounga o te wāhanga kāore e taea te whakahaere. Nō reira, ka whakamahia te tukanga whakataurite isothermal. Kua whakamātauhia e te mahi ka taea e te whakataurite isothermal te whakarerekē i ngā ngoikoretanga o te whakataurite whānui, ā, he pumau, he pono hoki te kounga o te hua.

3. te hurihanga

Hei whakatutuki i ngā whakaritenga tūnga o te tukatuka taputapu tino tika, ka tukatukahia ngā papa taputapu katoa e ngā mīhini huri CNC, ka herea ā-mīhini, kāore e hurihia anō te taputapu huri. Ka oti te tukatuka i te diameter o te kōhao, te mata pito me te diameter o waho i raro i te herenga kotahi, e kore e whakarite noa i ngā whakaritenga poutū o te kōhao o roto me te mata pito, engari ka whakarite hoki i te marara iti o ngā papa taputapu papatipu. Nō reira, ka whakapai ake i te tika o ngā papa taputapu, ā, ka whakaritehia te kounga miihini o ngā taputapu e whai ake nei. Hei tāpiri, ko te pai o te mahi miihini o te mīhini huri NC ka whakaiti i te maha o ngā taputapu, ā, he pai te penapena.

4. te whakakoi me te hanga taputapu

Kei te whakamahia whānuitia tonu ngā mīhini whakamahana taputapu noa me ngā mīhini hanga taputapu mō te tukatuka taputapu. Ahakoa he watea te whakatikatika me te tiaki, he iti te pai o te whakaputanga. Mena ka oti he kaha nui, me hanga he maha ngā mīhini i te wā kotahi. Nā te whanaketanga o te hangarau paninga, he tino watea te paninga anō i ngā oumu me ngā pūwero i muri i te huri. Ka taea te whakapai ake i te roa o te mahi o ngā taputapu paninga, neke atu i te 90%, ka whakaitihia te maha o ngā whakawhiti taputapu me te wā huri, me ngā painga nui.

5. te heu

E whakamahia whānuitia ana te hangarau heu taputapu radial i roto i te hanga taputapu waka nui nā te mea he tino whai hua, he ngāwari hoki te whakatutuki i ngā whakaritenga whakarerekētanga o te kōtaha niho kua hoahoatia me te ahunga niho. Mai i te hokonga mai o te kamupene i te mīhini heu taputapu radial motuhake a te kamupene Itari mō te whakarerekētanga hangarau i te tau 1995, kua pakari te whakamahinga o tēnei hangarau, ā, he pumau, he pono hoki te kounga tukatuka.

6. te maimoatanga wera

Me whakakā me te whakatio ngā taputapu waka kia pai ai ō rātou āhuatanga miihini. He mea nui ngā taputapu maimoatanga wera pumau me te pono mō ngā hua kāore e hurihia ngā taputapu i muri i te maimoatanga wera. Kua whakauruhia e te kamupene te raina whakaputa whakakā me te whakatio tonu a German Lloyd's, kua tutuki i a rātou ngā hua maimoatanga wera pai.

7. te huri

Ka whakamahia te nuinga hei whakaoti i te kōhao o roto o te taputapu kua tukatukahia ki te wera, te mata pito, te diameter o waho o te kakau me ētahi atu wāhanga hei whakapai ake i te tika o ngā āhuatanga me te whakaiti i te manawanui āhuahanga.

Ka whakamahia e te tukatuka taputapu te taputapu porowhita pitch hei whakanoho me te whakapiri, ka taea ai te whakarite i te tika o te miihini o te niho me te tohutoro tāutanga, me te whiwhi i te kounga hua e makona ana.

8. whakaotinga

Hei tirotiro me te horoi i ngā pūwero me ngā pūwero i ngā wāhanga taputapu o te tuku me te toki taraiwa i mua i te huihuinga, kia kore ai e puta te haruru me te haruru rerekē i puta mai i muri i te huihuinga. Whakarongo ki te tangi mā te hononga takirua kotahi, mātakitaki rānei i te rerekētanga hononga i runga i te whakamātautau whānui. Ko ngā wāhanga whare tuku i hangaia e te kamupene hanga ko te whare mamau, te whare tuku me te whare rerekētanga. Ko te whare mamau me te whare tuku he wāhanga kawe kawenga, e hangaia ana i te nuinga o te wā ki te koranu konumohe whakarewa-mate mā te whakarewa-mate motuhake. He āhua rerekē, he uaua hoki te āhua. Ko te rere o te tukanga whānui ko te mira i te mata hononga → ngā kōhao tukanga miihini me ngā kōhao hono → ngā kōhao whēra keri taratara → ngā kōhao whēra keri pai me te kimi i ngā kōhao pine → te horoi → te whakamātautau me te kimi turuturu.

Ngā tawhā me ngā whakaritenga o ngā taputapu tapahi taputapu

Ka tino rerekē te āhua o ngā taputapu i muri i te whakakāpū me te whakatio. Ina koa mō ngā taputapu nunui, he tino nui te rerekētanga o te āhua o te porowhita o waho me te kōhao o roto kua whakakāpū me kua whakatio. Heoi, kāore anō kia kitea he taputapu e tika ana mō te hurihanga o te porowhita o waho o te taputapu kua whakakāpū me kua whakatio. Ko te taputapu bn-h20 i whakawhanakehia e "Valin superhard" mō te hurihanga kaha o te maitai kua whakatio kua whakatikatikaina te rerekētanga o te kōhao o roto me te mata o te porowhita o waho o te taputapu kua whakakāpū me kua whakatio, ā, kua kitea he taputapu tapahi wā poto e tika ana, kua puta he whanaketanga puta noa i te ao i roto i te mara o te tapahi wā poto me ngā taputapu tino mārō.

Te whakarerekētanga o te whakapūkara me te tinei taputapu: Ko te whakarerekētanga o te whakapūkara me te tinei taputapu te nuinga o te take nā te mahi tahi o te ahotea toenga i puta i te wā miihini, te ahotea wera me te ahotea hanganga i puta i te wā whakamahana, me te whakarerekētanga taumaha-ake o te mea mahi. Ina koa mō ngā mowhiti taputapu me ngā taputapu nui, ka whakanuia hoki e ngā mowhiti taputapu nui te whakarerekētanga i muri i te whakapūkara me te tinei nā te nui o te modulus, te paparanga whakapūkara hohonu, te roa o te wā whakapūkara me te taumaha-ake. Te ture whakarerekētanga o te rakau taputapu nui: ko te diameter o waho o te porowhita tāpiri e whakaatu ana i te ia o te whakahekenga mārama, engari i te ahunga o te whānui o te niho o te rakau taputapu, ka whakaitihia te waenganui, ā, ka paku whānui ngā pito e rua. Te ture whakarerekētanga o te mowhiti taputapu: I muri i te whakapūkara me te tinei, ka pupuhi te diameter o waho o te mowhiti taputapu nui. Ina rerekē te whānui o te niho, ka kōniko, ka pūwero hope rānei te ahunga o te whānui o te niho.

Te hurihanga taputapu i muri i te whakakākahu me te tinei: ka taea te whakahaere me te whakaiti i te rerekētanga o te mowhiti taputapu ki te whakakākahu me te tinei, engari kāore e taea te karo katoa. Hei whakatikatika i te rerekētanga i muri i te whakakākahu me te tinei, koinei te kōrero poto mō te whaihua o te hurihanga me te tapahi i ngā taputapu i muri i te whakakākahu me te tinei.

Te huri i te porowhita o waho, te kōhao o roto me te mata pito i muri i te whakakā me te tinei: ko te huri te huarahi māmā ki te whakatika i te rerekētanga o te porowhita o waho me te kōhao o roto o te taputapu mowhiti kua whakakā me te tinei. I mua, kāore e taea e tetahi taputapu, tae atu ki ngā taputapu pakari rawa atu o tāwāhi, te whakaoti i te raruraru o te tapahi kaha-wā-wā i te porowhita o waho o te taputapu kua tinei. I karangatia a Valin superhard ki te whakahaere rangahau me te whakawhanake taputapu, "He raruraru uaua tonu te tapahi wā-wā-wā o te maitai whakapakeke, kāore e whakahuatia te maitai whakapakeke o te HRC60 pea, ā, he nui te whakaaetanga whakarerekētanga. Ina huri te maitai whakapakeke i te tere teitei, ki te mea he tapahi wā-wā-wā te wahi mahi, ka oti i te taputapu te miihini me te neke atu i te 100 nga ru ia meneti i te wa e tapahia ana te maitai whakapakeke, he wero nui ki te ātete pānga o te taputapu." E kī ana ngā tohunga o te Rōpū Maripi Hainamana. Whai muri i te tau o ngā whakamātautau maha, kua whakauruhia e Valin superhard te waitohu taputapu tapahi pakari rawa mō te Huri i te Maitai Whakapakeke me te kore haere tonu; Ka mahia te whakamātautau huri ki te porowhita o waho o te taputapu i muri i te whakakā me te tinei.

Whakamātautau i te hurihanga o te taputapu porotaka i muri i te whakakā me te tinei

I tino rerekē te āhua o te taputapu nui (te taputapu mowhiti) i muri i te whakakāpū me te tinei. Ko te rerekētanga o te porowhita o waho o te taputapu mowhiti taputapu tae atu ki te 2mm, ā, ko te pakeke i muri i te tinei he hrc60-65. I taua wā, he uaua ki te kaihoko te kimi i tētahi hurihanga whānui nui, ā, he nui te āheinga miihini, ā, he iti rawa te pai o te hurihanga. Hei whakamutunga, ka hurihia te taputapu whakakāpū me te taputapu tinei.

Tere tapahi rārangi: 50–70m/min, hōhonutanga tapahi: 1.5–2mm, tawhiti tapahi: 0.15-0.2mm/ Hurihanga (ka whakarerekētia kia rite ki ngā whakaritenga taratara)

Ina hurihia te taputapu kua tineia ki waho o te porowhita, ka oti te mahi miihini i te wā kotahi. Ka taea anake te tukatuka i te taputapu uku taketake kawemai i ngā wā maha hei tapahi i te whakarerekētanga. Heoi anō, he nui te hinga o te taha, ā, he tino nui te utu whakamahi o te taputapu.

Ngā hua whakamātautau taputapu: he ātete ake ki te pānga i te taputapu uku silicon nitride taketake kawemai, ā, e ono ngā wā e roa ake ai tōna ora i te taputapu uku silicon nitride ina whakanuia te hohonutanga tapahi kia toru ngā wā! Ka whakanuia te pai o te tapahi kia toru ngā wā (i mua e toru ngā wā tapahi, engari kua oti ināianei kia kotahi te wā). Ka tutuki hoki te taratara o te mata o te mea mahi i ngā hiahia o te kaiwhakamahi. Ko te mea tino nui ko te ahua o te pakaru whakamutunga o te taputapu ehara i te taha whati e āwangawanga ana, engari ko te kakahu noa o te mata o muri. Nā tēnei whakamātautau porowhita taputapu tineia i te hurihanga wā-poto i pakaru te pūrākau kāore e taea te whakamahi i ngā taputapu tino mārō i roto i te umanga mō te maitai pakari i te hurihanga wā-poto! Kua puta he rongo nui i roto i ngā porowhita mātauranga o ngā taputapu tapahi!

Te mutunga o te mata o te kōhao hurihuri mārō o te taputapu i muri i te tinei

Hei tauira, ko te tapahi ā-wāhanga o te kōhao o roto o te taputapu me te awaawa hinu: ka eke te roa o te mahi a te taputapu tapahi whakamātautau ki te 8000 mita neke atu, ā, kei roto i te Ra0.8 te mutunga; ki te whakamahia te taputapu tino mārō me te mata oro, ka eke te mutunga hurihuri o te maitai whakapakeke ki te Ra0.4. Ā, ka taea te whiwhi i te roa o te mahi a te taputapu.

Te mīhini i te mata o te taputapu i muri i te whakakā me te tinei

Hei whakamahinga noa o te "hurihuri hei utu mō te huri", kua whānuitia te whakamahinga o te mata o te cubic boron nitride i roto i te mahi whakaputa huri mārō o te mata pito taputapu i muri i te wera. Ki te whakatauritea ki te huri, ka tino whakapai ake te huri mārō i te pai o te mahi.

He tino teitei ngā whakaritenga mō ngā taputapu tapahi mō ngā taputapu waro me ngā taputapu tine. Tuatahi, me nui te pakeke, te ātete ki te pānga, te pakari, te ātete ki te kakahu, te taratara o te mata me ētahi atu āhuatanga o te taputapu hei tapahi wā poto.

tirohanga whānui:

Mō te hurihanga i muri i te whakakā me te tinei, me te hurihanga o te mata pito, kua rongonui haere ngā taputapu nitride boron cubic hiato noa kua whakarewahia. Heoi, mō te whakarerekētanga āhua o te porowhita o waho me te kōhao o roto o te mowhiti taputapu nui kua whakakā me te tinei, he raruraru uaua tonu te whakakore i te whakarerekētanga me te nui. Ko te hurihanga ā-wā o te maitai tinei me te taputapu nitride boron cubic Valin superhard bn-h20 he ahunga whakamua nui i roto i te umanga taputapu, e whai hua ana ki te whakatairanga whānui o te tukanga "hurihuri hei utu mō te huri" i roto i te umanga taputapu, ā, ka kitea hoki te whakautu ki te raruraru o ngā taputapu huri porotaka taputapu whakapakeke kua raruraru mō ngā tau maha. He mea nui hoki te whakapoto i te huringa hanga o te mowhiti taputapu me te whakaiti i te utu whakaputa; e mōhiotia ana ngā tapahi raupapa Bn-h20 ko te tauira o te ao mō te maitai tinei huri ā-wā kaha i roto i te umanga.